Aluminum yana da kyawawan kaddarorin da yawa, amma sau da yawa ya zama dole don ƙara wasu karafa don inganta aikin yayin sarrafawa. Wadanne karafa ne zasu iya shafar kaddarorin aluminium alloys? Akwai
Akwai abubuwa takwas na ƙarfe irin su vanadium, calcium, jagora, tin, bismuth, antimony, beryllium, da sodium.

Saboda daban-daban amfani da ƙãre aluminum nada, Abubuwan da aka ƙara yayin sarrafa waɗannan abubuwa marasa ƙazanta suna da nau'ikan narkewa daban-daban, daban-daban Tsarin, da mahadi daban-daban da aka samar da aluminum, don haka tasirin su akan kaddarorin kayan aluminium shima ya bambanta.

1. Abubuwan ƙarfe: tasirin abubuwan jan karfe

Copper wani muhimmin abu ne mai haɗawa kuma yana da wani tasiri mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi. Bugu da kari, CuAl2 da aka haɓaka ta hanyar tsufa yana da tasirin ƙarfafa tsufa. Abubuwan da ke cikin jan ƙarfe a cikin farantin aluminum yawanci ne 2.5%-5%, kuma tasirin ƙarfafawa shine mafi kyawun lokacin da abun ciki na jan karfe ya kasance 4%-6.8%, don haka abun ciki na jan karfe na mafi yawan ma'aunin aluminium mai wuya yana cikin wannan kewayon.

2. Abubuwan ƙarfe: tasirin silicon

Al-Mg2Si alloy system alloy equilibrium diagram Matsakaicin solubility na Mg2Si a cikin aluminium a cikin ɓangaren mai arzikin aluminum shine 1.85%, kuma raguwa yana raguwa tare da rage yawan zafin jiki. A cikin nakasar aluminum gami, ƙari na silicon zuwa farantin aluminum yana iyakance ga kayan walda, da ƙari na silicon zuwa aluminum Har ila yau, akwai wani tasiri mai ƙarfafawa.

3. Abubuwan ƙarfe: tasirin magnesium

Ƙarfafawar magnesium zuwa aluminum yana da ban mamaki. Ga kowane 1% karuwa na magnesium, Ƙarfin ƙarfi yana ƙaruwa da kusan 34MPa. Idan kasa da 1% manganese yana karawa, Ana iya ƙara tasirin ƙarfafawa. Saboda haka, bayan ƙara manganese, za a iya rage abun ciki na magnesium, kuma za'a iya rage yanayin zafi mai zafi a lokaci guda. Bugu da kari, manganese na iya sa mahaɗin Mg5Al8 ya yi hazo daidai gwargwado, da inganta lalata juriya da aikin walda.

4. Abubuwan ƙarfe: tasirin manganese

Matsakaicin solubility na manganese a cikin ingantaccen bayani shine 1.82%. Ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa yana ƙaruwa tare da haɓakar solubility, kuma elongation ya kai matsakaicin darajar lokacin da abun ciki na manganese yake 0.8%. Al-Mn Alloys masu tsayi da gajere ne masu taurin shekaru, wato, ba za a iya ƙarfafa su ta hanyar maganin zafi ba.

5. Abubuwan ƙarfe: tasirin zinc

Solubility na zinc a cikin aluminum shine 31.6% lokacin da al'ada mai arziki a cikin tsarin Al-Zn alloy shine 275, kuma solubility nasa yana sauka zuwa 5.6% lokacin da yake 125. Lokacin da aka ƙara zinc zuwa aluminum kadai, haɓaka ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfe na aluminum yana da iyakacin iyaka a ƙarƙashin yanayin lalacewa, kuma akwai yanayin damuwa da lalata da fashewa, don haka iyakance aikace-aikacen sa.

6. Abubuwan ƙarfe: tasirin ƙarfe da silicon

An ƙara baƙin ƙarfe a matsayin sinadari mai haɗawa a cikin Al-Cu-Mg-Ni-Fe da aka ƙera aluminum gami, silicon a cikin Al-Mg-Si yi aluminum, kuma a cikin Al-Si jerin walda sanda da Al-Si aikata gami. A cikin sauran aluminum gami, silicon da baƙin ƙarfe abubuwa ne na ƙazanta na kowa, wanda ke da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan aikin haɗin gwiwa. Suna wanzu galibi kamar FeCl3 da silicon kyauta. Lokacin da silicon ya fi ƙarfe girma, β-FeSiAl3 (ko Fe2Si2Al9) an kafa lokaci, kuma lokacin da baƙin ƙarfe ya fi siliki girma, α-Fe2SiAl8 (ya da Fe3Si2Al12) an kafa. Lokacin da rabon ƙarfe da silicon ba daidai ba ne, zai haifar da tsaga a cikin simintin gyaran kafa, kuma lokacin da baƙin ƙarfe a cikin simintin aluminum ya yi yawa, simintin gyare-gyaren zai zama mai karye.

7. Abubuwan ƙarfe: tasirin titanium da boron

Titanium abu ne da aka saba amfani da shi a cikin alluran aluminium kuma ana ƙara shi ta hanyar Al-Ti ko Al-Ti-B master alloys.. Titanium da aluminium sun zama matakin TiAl2, wanda ya zama ainihin abin da ba zai yiwu ba a lokacin crystallization, kuma yana taka rawa wajen tace tsarin ƙirƙira da tsarin walda. Lokacin da Al-Ti-tushen gami yana da clathrate dauki, m abun ciki na titanium ne game da 0.15%, kuma idan akwai boron, raguwar ta yi kankanta 0.01%.

8. Abubuwan ƙarfe: tasirin chromium da strontium

Chromium yana samar da mahadi na tsaka-tsaki kamar (CrFe)Al7 da (Crum)Al12 a cikin aluminum farantin, wanda ke hana haɓakar ƙwayar cuta da haɓaka tsarin recrystallization, yana da wani tasiri mai ƙarfi akan gami, kuma yana iya inganta taurin gami da rage saurin damuwa ga lalatawar lalata. . Duk da haka, quenching hankali na wurin yana ƙaruwa, yin fim din anodic oxide rawaya. Bugu da kari na chromium a cikin aluminum gami gabaɗaya baya wuce 0.35%, kuma yana raguwa tare da haɓaka abubuwan canzawa a cikin gami. Strontium an ƙara zuwa ga aluminum gami domin extrusion ta 0.015%. 0.03% strontium, ta yadda tsarin β-AlFeSi a cikin ingot ya zama yanayin α-AlFeSi mai siffar Sinanci., wanda ke rage matsakaicin lokacin ingot ta 60% ku 70%, yana inganta kayan aikin injiniya na kayan aiki da aikin filastik; yana inganta yanayin yanayin samfurin.

Don high silicon (10%~13%) nakasasshiyar aluminum gami, ƙara 0.02% ~ 0.07% strontium element na iya rage kristal na farko zuwa ƙarami, da kuma kayan aikin injiniya kuma an inganta su sosai. An inganta ƙarfin ƙarfin бb daga 233MPa zuwa 236MPa, kuma ƙarfin yawan amfanin ƙasa б0.2 ya ƙaru daga 204MPa zuwa 210MPa, elongation б5 ya karu daga 9% ku 12%. Bugu da ƙari na strontium zuwa hypereutectic Al-Si gami na iya rage girman ƙananan ƙwayoyin silicon na farko., inganta aikin aikin filastik, kuma iya smoothly zafi-mirgina da sanyi-bidi.