IAluminiyam ineempawu ezininzi ezibalaseleyo, kodwa kudla ngokuba yimfuneko ukongeza ezinye isinyithi ukuphucula ukusebenza ngexesha lokucubungula. Ziziphi izinyithi ezinokuchaphazela iipropati ze-aluminium alloys? Nazi
Kukho izinto ezisibhozo zentsimbi ezifana ne-vanadium, calcium, ukukhokela, itoti, ibhismuth, i-antimony, ibheriliya, kunye nesodium.

Ngenxa yokusetyenziswa okuhlukeneyo kwekhoyili ye-aluminium egqityiweyo, izinto ezongeziweyo ngexesha lokusetyenzwa kwezi zinto zokungcola zineendawo ezahlukeneyo zokunyibilika, izakhiwo ezahlukeneyo, kunye neekhompawundi ezahlukeneyo ezenziwe nge-aluminiyam, ngoko iziphumo zabo kwiipropati ze-aluminium alloys nazo zihluke.

1. Izinto zentsimbi: impembelelo yezinto zobhedu

Ubhedu luyinto ebalulekileyo yokudibanisa kwaye inesisombululo esithile esiqinileyo sokuqinisa. Ukwengeza, I-CuAl2 iqiniswe kukuguga inefuthe elibalulekileyo lokomeleza ukwaluphala. Umxholo wobhedu kwiplate ye-aluminium ngokuqhelekileyo 2.5%-5%, kwaye umphumo wokuqinisa ungcono xa umxholo wobhedu 4%-6.8%, ngoko umxholo wobhedu we-alloys ezininzi ezinzima ze-aluminium zikolu luhlu.

2. Izinto zentsimbi: impembelelo ye-silicon

I-al-Mg2Si yealloy system yealloy equilibrium yesigaba sedayagram Ubuninzi bokunyibilika kweMg2Si kwi-aluminiyam kwindawo ene-aluminiyam etyebileyo. 1.85%, kwaye ukuhla kuyancipha ngokuhla kweqondo lokushisa. Kwi-alloy ye-aluminiyam ekhubazekileyo, ukongezwa kwe-silicon kwipleyiti ye-aluminiyam kukhawulelwe kwizinto ze-welding, kunye nokongezwa kwe-silicon kwi-aluminium Kukho nempembelelo ethile yokomeleza.

3. Izinto zentsimbi: impembelelo ye-magnesium

Ukuqiniswa kwe-magnesium kwi-aluminium kuyamangalisa. Kuwo wonke umntu 1% ukwanda kwe-magnesium, amandla okuqina anyuka malunga ne-34MPa. Ukuba ngaphantsi kwe 1% imanganese yongezwa, umphumo wokomeleza unokuxhaswa. Ngoko ke, emva kokongeza manganese, umxholo we-magnesium unokuncitshiswa, kwaye ukuthambekela kokuqhekeka okutshisayo kunokunciphisa ngexesha elifanayo. Ukwengeza, imanganese inokwenza iMg5Al8 ikhompawundi iquke ngokulinganayo, kunye nokuphucula ukuxhathisa ukubola kunye nokusebenza kwe-welding.

4. Izinto zentsimbi: impembelelo yemanganese

Ubuninzi bokunyibilika kwemanganese kwisisombululo esiqinileyo 1.82%. Amandla e-alloy ayanda ngokuqhubekayo kunye nokunyuka kwe-solubility, kwaye ulwandiso lufikelela kwelona xabiso liphezulu xa umxholo wemanganese unjalo 0.8%. Iialloyi ze-Al-Mn zii-alloys ezide kwaye zifutshane zokuqina kweminyaka, yiyo i, abanako ukuqiniswa ngonyango lobushushu.

5. Izinto zentsimbi: impembelelo ye-zinc

Ukunyibilika kwe-zinc kwi-aluminiyam 31.6% xa inxalenye yesityebi se-aluminiyam yenkqubo ye-alloy ye-Al-Zn yi 275, kunye nokunyibilika kwayo kwehla ukuya 5.6% xa injalo 125. Xa i-zinc yongezwa kwi-aluminiyam yodwa, ukuphuculwa kwamandla e-aluminium alloy kuncinci kakhulu phantsi kwesiseko sokuguqulwa, kwaye kukho ukuthambekela koxinzelelo lwe-corrosion cracking kunye nokuqhekeka, ngaloo ndlela inciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwayo.

6. Izinto zentsimbi: impembelelo yentsimbi kunye ne-silicon

Intsimbi yongezwa njengento edibanisayo kwiAl-Cu-Mg-Ni-Fe eyenziwe ngealluminiyam ialloy., I-silicon e-Al-Mg-Si yenziwe i-aluminium, kwaye kwi-Al-Si series welding intonga kunye ne-Al-Si eyenziwe i-alloy. Kwezinye ialloys aluminiyam, i-silicon kunye nentsimbi zizinto eziqhelekileyo zokungcola, ezinempembelelo enkulu ekusebenzeni kwe-alloy. Zikhona ikakhulu njengeFeCl3 kunye nesilicon yasimahla. Xa i-silicon inkulu kunentsimbi, i-β-FeSiAl3 (okanye Fe2Si2Al9) isigaba senziwe, kwaye xa intsimbi inkulu kunesilicon, α-Fe2SiAl8 (okanye Fe3Si2Al12) yenziwe. Xa umlinganiselo wentsimbi kunye nesilicon awuchanekanga, iya kubangela iintanda ekubunjweni kwayo, kwaye xa umxholo we-iron kwi-aluminium etyhidiweyo iphezulu kakhulu, ukubunjwa kuya kuba brittle.

7. Izinto zentsimbi: umphumo we-titanium kunye ne-boron

I-Titanium yinto esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwi-alloys ye-aluminium kwaye yongezwa ngendlela ye-Al-Ti okanye i-Al-Ti-B master alloys.. I-Titanium kunye ne-aluminium zenza isigaba se-TiAl2, ethi ibe ngundoqo ongeyomfuneko ngexesha lekristale, kwaye idlala indima ekucokiseni ubume bokubumba kunye nesakhiwo se-weld. Xa iAl-Ti-based alloy ine-clathrate reaction, umxholo obalulekileyo we-titanium umalunga 0.15%, kwaye ukuba kukho i-boron, i-deceleration incinci njenge 0.01%.

8. Izinto zentsimbi: impembelelo yechromium kunye nestrontium

I-Chromium yenza iikhompawundi ze-intermetallic ezifana (CrFe)Al7 kunye (Ikram)Al12 kwipleyiti aluminiyam, ethintela inkqubo ye-nucleation kunye nokukhula kwe-recrystallization, inempembelelo ethile yokomeleza kwi-alloy, kwaye inokuphucula ukuqina kwe-alloy kunye nokunciphisa ukuba sengozini yoxinzelelo lokuqhekeka kwe-corrosion. . Nangona kunjalo, uvakalelo olucimayo lwendawo luyanda, ukwenza ifilimu ye-anodic oxide ibetyheli. Ukongezwa kwechromium kwi-alloy ye-aluminium ngokubanzi akudluli 0.35%, kwaye iyancipha ngokunyuka kwezinto zenguqu kwi-alloy. I-Strontium yongezwa kwi-alloy ye-aluminiyam ye-extrusion nge 0.015%. ~ 0.03% strontium, ukuze isigaba se-β-AlFeSi kwi-ingot sibe sisigaba se-α-AlFeSi esinesimo saseTshayina, enciphisa ixesha eliphakathi kwe-ingot nge 60% ukuya 70%, iphucula iimpawu zoomatshini bezinto eziphathekayo kunye nokusebenza kweplastiki; iphucula uburhabaxa bomphezulu wemveliso.

Kwi-silicon ephezulu (10%~13%) ialloys aluminiyam engalunganga, ukongeza i-0.02% ~ 0.07% into yestrontium inokunciphisa ikristale ephambili ukuya kubuncinci, kunye neempawu zoomatshini nazo ziphuculwe kakhulu. Amandla e-tensile бb aphuculwe ukusuka kwi-233MPa ukuya kwi-236MPa, kwaye amandla esivuno б0.2 anyuke ukusuka kwi-204MPa ukuya kwi-210MPa, elongation б5 inyuke ukusuka 9% ukuya 12%. Ukongezwa kwe-strontium kwi-hypereutectic Al-Si alloy kunokunciphisa ubungakanani beekristale eziphambili ze-silicon., ukuphucula ukusebenza kweplastiki, kwaye iyakwazi ukutshisa kakuhle kunye ne-cold-roll.