I-Aluminium inezakhiwo eziningi ezinhle kakhulu, kodwa ngokuvamile kuyadingeka ukwengeza ezinye izinsimbi ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza ngesikhathi sokucubungula. Yiziphi izinsimbi ezingathinta izakhiwo ze-aluminium alloys? Bangu
Kunezici eziyisishiyagalombili zensimbi ezifana ne-vanadium, i-calcium, ukuhola, ithini, i-bismuth, i-antimony, i-beryllium, kanye ne-sodium.

Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa okuhlukene kwekhoyili ye-aluminium eqediwe, izakhi ezengezwe ngesikhathi sokucutshungulwa kwalezi zakhi zokungcola zinamaphuzu ahlukene okuncibilika, izakhiwo ezahlukene, kanye nezinhlanganisela ezahlukene ezakhiwe nge-aluminium, ngakho-ke imiphumela yabo kuzakhiwo ze-aluminium alloys nayo ihlukile.

1. Izakhi zensimbi: ithonya lezakhi zethusi

I-Copper iyisici esibalulekile se-alloying futhi inomphumela othile oqinile wokuqinisa isisombululo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-CuAl2 eqalwa ukuguga inomphumela obalulekile wokuqinisa ukuguga. Okuqukethwe kwethusi epuleti le-aluminium kuvame 2.5%-5%, futhi umphumela wokuqinisa ungcono kakhulu uma okuqukethwe kwethusi kukhona 4%-6.8%, ngakho okuqukethwe kwethusi kwama-alloys amaningi e-aluminium aqinile akulolu hlu.

2. Izakhi zensimbi: umthelela we-silicon

I-al-Mg2Si alloy system alloy equilibrium diagram yesigaba sokuncibilika okuphezulu kwe-Mg2Si ku-aluminium engxenyeni enothe nge-aluminium 1.85%, futhi ukwehla kwejubane kuyehla ngokuncipha kwezinga lokushisa. Ku-alloy ye-aluminium ekhubazekile, ukwengezwa kwe-silicon epuleti le-aluminium kunqunyelwe ezintweni zokushisela, kanye nokwengezwa kwe-silicon ku-aluminium Kukhona nomphumela othile wokuqinisa.

3. Izakhi zensimbi: umthelela we-magnesium

Ukuqiniswa kwe-magnesium kuya ku-aluminium kuyamangalisa. Kuzo zonke 1% ukwanda kwe-magnesium, amandla okuqina akhuphuka cishe ngo-34MPa. Uma ngaphansi kuka 1% i-manganese iyengezwa, umphumela wokuqinisa ungase wengezwe. Ngakho-ke, emva kokwengeza i-manganese, okuqukethwe kwe-magnesium kungancishiswa, futhi ukuthambekela kokuqhekeka okushisayo kungancishiswa ngesikhathi esifanayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-manganese ingenza inhlanganisela ye-Mg5Al8 ihle ngokulinganayo, futhi uthuthukise ukumelana nokugqwala nokusebenza kwe-welding.

4. Izakhi zensimbi: umthelela we-manganese

I-solubility ephezulu ye-manganese kusisombululo esiqinile ngu 1.82%. Amandla engxubevange akhula ngokuqhubekayo ngokwanda kokuncibilika, futhi ukunwetshwa kufinyelela inani eliphakeme lapho okuqukethwe kwe-manganese kungu 0.8%. Ama-al-Mn alloys angama-alloys amade futhi amafushane aqinisa iminyaka, leyo, azikwazi ukuqiniswa ukwelashwa okushisa.

5. Izakhi zensimbi: umthelela we-zinc

I-solubility ye-zinc ku-aluminium ingu 31.6% lapho ingxenye ecebile ye-aluminium yesistimu ye-alloy ye-Al-Zn i 275, futhi ukuncibilika kwayo kwehla 5.6% uma kuba 125. Lapho i-zinc yengezwa ku-aluminium yodwa, ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla we-aluminium alloy kulinganiselwe kakhulu ngaphansi kwesisekelo sokuguqulwa, futhi kukhona ukuthambekela kokugqwala kwengcindezi nokuqhekeka, kanjalo kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwayo.

6. Izakhi zensimbi: ithonya lensimbi ne-silicon

I-ayina yengezwa njenge-alloying element ku-Al-Cu-Mg-Ni-Fe eyenziwe nge-aluminium alloy, i-silicon e-Al-Mg-Si eyenziwe nge-aluminium, naku-Al-Si uchungechunge lwenduku yokushisela kanye ne-Al-Si eyenziwe ingxubevange. Kwamanye ama-alloys e-aluminium, i-silicon nensimbi yizici ezivamile zokungcola, ezinomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni kwe-alloy. Zikhona ikakhulukazi njenge-FeCl3 kanye ne-silicon yamahhala. Lapho i-silicon inkulu kunensimbi, i-β-FeSiAl3 (noma i-Fe2Si2Al9) kwakheka isigaba, futhi lapho insimbi inkulu kune-silicon, α-Fe2SiAl8 (noma i-Fe3Si2Al12) kwakheka. Lapho isilinganiso sensimbi ne-silicon singalungile, izobangela imifantu ekubunjweni, futhi lapho okuqukethwe kwensimbi ku-aluminium ekhonjiwe kuphezulu kakhulu, ukubunjwa kuzoba brittle.

7. Izakhi zensimbi: umphumela we-titanium ne-boron

I-Titanium iyisithako esisetshenziswa kakhulu kuma-alloys e-aluminium futhi yengezwa ngendlela ye-Al-Ti noma i-Al-Ti-B master alloys.. I-Titanium ne-aluminium zakha isigaba se-TiAl2, okuba umgogodla ongazenzeki ngesikhathi sokucwebezela, futhi idlala indima ekucwengiseni isakhiwo sokubumba kanye nesakhiwo sokushisela. Lapho i-alloy esekelwe ku-Al-Ti inokusabela kwe-clathrate, okuqukethwe okubalulekile kwe-titanium kumayelana 0.15%, futhi uma kukhona i-boron, i-deceleration incane njenge 0.01%.

8. Izakhi zensimbi: umthelela we-chromium ne-strontium

I-Chromium yenza izinhlanganisela ze-intermetallic ezifana (CrFe)Al7 futhi (I-Crum)I-Al12 epuleti le-aluminium, okuvimbela i-nucleation kanye nenqubo yokukhula ye-recrystallization, inomphumela othile oqinisayo ku-alloy, futhi ingathuthukisa ukuqina kwe-alloy futhi inciphise ukuthambekela ekucindezelekeni kokuqhekeka kokugqwala.. . Nokho, ukuzwela kokucisha kwendawo kuyanda, okwenza ifilimu ye-anodic oxide ibe phuzi. Ukwengezwa kwe-chromium kungxube ye-aluminium ngokuvamile akudluli 0.35%, futhi yehla ngokwanda kwezinto eziguqukayo kungxubevange. I-Strontium yengezwa ku-alloy ye-aluminium ukuze i-extrusion by 0.015%. ~ 0.03% strontium, ukuze isigaba se-β-AlFeSi ku-ingot sibe isigaba se-α-AlFeSi esimise okwe-Chinese, okunciphisa isikhathi esimaphakathi se-ingot 60% ku 70%, kuthuthukisa izakhiwo zemishini yezinto kanye nokusebenza kwepulasitiki; kuthuthukisa ubulukhuni bomkhiqizo.

Nge-silicon ephezulu (10%~13%) ama-alloys e-aluminium akhubazekile, ukungeza u-0.02%~0.07% wento ye-strontium kunganciphisa ikristalu eyinhloko ibe ubuncane, kanye nezakhiwo zemishini nazo zithuthukisiwe kakhulu. Amandla e-tensile bb athuthukisiwe ukusuka ku-233MPa kuya ku-236MPa, futhi amandla okukhiqiza angu-б0.2 anyuke esuka ku-204MPa aya ku-210MPa, i-elongation б5 inyuke ukusuka 9% ku 12%. Ukwengezwa kwe-strontium ku-hypereutectic Al-Si alloy kunganciphisa ubukhulu bezinhlayiya ze-crystal silicon eziyinhloko., ngcono ukusebenza kwepulasitiki, futhi kungaba ngokushelela i-hot-roll ne-cold-roll.